1. Relational Databases (RDBMS)

What is it?

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a system that stores data in tables (relations) with rows and columns. It uses SQL for querying and managing data.

Why we use it?

• Ensures data integrity and consistency.
• Supports complex queries and relationships between tables.
• Widely used and standardized.

How do we use it?

• Create tables with defined schemas.
• Use SQL to insert, update, delete, and query data.
• Establish relationships using primary and foreign keys.

When do we use it?

• When data is structured and relationships between entities are important.
• For transactional systems (OLTP) like banking, e-commerce, etc.

What problems we might have with it?

• Scalability issues for very large datasets.
• Performance degradation with complex joins.
• Schema rigidity (hard to modify once defined).

How can we tackle those?